Ubuhanga bwo kugarura imiti ya plastiki

Kumyaka myinshi, uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutunganya plastike ni gutunganya imashini, ubusanzwe ishonga ibice bya plastike ikabigira ibice byibicuruzwa bishya.Nubwo ibyo bikoresho bikiri polimeri imwe ya plastike, ibihe byayo byo kuyikoresha ni bike, kandi ubu buryo bushingiye cyane ku bicanwa biva mu kirere.

Kugeza ubu, plastiki y’imyanda mu Bushinwa irimo cyane cyane firime ya pulasitike, insinga za pulasitike n’ibicuruzwa, plastiki ifuro ifuro, udusanduku twa paki twa plastike hamwe n’ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa buri munsi (amacupa ya pulasitike, ibikoresho byo mu miyoboro,ibikoresho, nibindi), imifuka ya pulasitike na firime yubuhinzi.Byongeye, ikoreshwa ryumwaka waplastike yimodokamu Bushinwa bigeze kuri toni 400000, kandi buri mwaka ikoreshwa rya plastiki kuriibikoresho bya elegitoronikin'ibikoresho byo mu rugo bigeze kuri toni zirenga miliyoni.Ibicuruzwa byahindutse imwe mumasoko yingenzi ya plastiki yimyanda nyuma yo gukuraho.

Muri iki gihe, hitabwa cyane ku kugarura imiti.Gutunganya imiti irashobora guhindura plastike mu bicanwa, ibikoresho fatizo bikomoka kuri peteroli ndetse na monomers.Ntishobora gutunganya gusa imyanda myinshi ya plastiki, ariko kandi irashobora kugabanya gushingira ku bicanwa biva mu kirere.Nubwo kurengera ibidukikije no gukemura ikibazo cy’imyanda ihumanya, irashobora kandi kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Muri tekinoroji nyinshi yo kugarura imiti, tekinoroji ya pyrolysis yamye ifata umwanya wambere.Mu mezi ashize, ibikoresho bya peteroli ya pyrolysis mu Burayi no muri Amerika byiyongereye ku mpande zombi za Atlantike.Imishinga mishya ijyanye na tekinoroji yo kugarura resinike nayo iratera imbere, muri yo ine ni imishinga ya polyethylene terephthalate (PET), yose iherereye mubufaransa.

Ugereranije no gukanika imashini, kimwe mubyiza byingenzi byo kugarura imiti nuko ishobora kubona ubwiza bwa polymer yumwimerere nigipimo kinini cyo kugarura plastike.Nubwo, kugarura imiti bishobora gufasha gutunganya ubukungu bwa plastike, buri buryo bugira amakosa yabyo niba bugomba gukoreshwa murwego runini.

Imyanda ya plastike ntabwo ari ikibazo cy’umwanda ku isi gusa, ahubwo ni ibikoresho fatizo birimo karubone nyinshi, igiciro gito kandi birashobora kuboneka ku isi.Ubukungu bwizunguruka nabwo bwahindutse icyerekezo cyiterambere cyinganda zinganda.Hamwe nogutezimbere tekinoroji ya catalitiki, kugarura imiti byerekana icyerekezo cyiza cyubukungu.